铝合金电缆桥架的核心性能依赖于基材成分，需符合GB/T 6892-2015《一般工业用铝及铝合金挤压型材》 要求，优先选用 6063-T5 或 6061-T6 牌号铝合金。其中，6063-T5 铝合金的关键成分需满足：硅（Si）含量 0.2%~0.6%、镁（Mg）含量 0.45%~0.9%，其余杂质（如铁、铜）总含量≤0.5%；力学性能方面，抗拉强度≥175MPa、屈服强度≥110MPa、伸长率≥8%，确保桥架具备足够的抗变形和抗断裂能力。6061-T6 牌号则适用于重载场景，其抗拉强度≥260MPa、屈服强度≥240MPa，可承载更重的电缆或适应更大跨距。材质需提供出厂质量证明书，明确合金牌号、热处理状态及力学性能检测数据，避免使用杂质超标的回收铝合金。
The core performance of aluminum alloy cable trays depends on the base material composition, which must comply with the requirements of GB/T 6892-2015 "Extruded Profiles of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for General Industrial Use", with priority given to 6063-T5 or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy grades. Among them, the key components of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy must meet: silicon (Si) content 0.2%~0.6%, magnesium (Mg) content 0.45%~0.9%, and the total content of other impurities (such as iron, copper) ≤0.5%; in terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength is ≥175MPa, yield strength ≥110MPa, and elongation ≥8%, ensuring the tray has sufficient deformation resistance and fracture resistance. The 6061-T6 grade is suitable for heavy-load scenarios, with a tensile strength of ≥260MPa and yield strength of ≥240MPa, which can carry heavier cables or adapt to larger spans. The material must be accompanied by a factory quality certificate, specifying the alloy grade, heat treatment state, and mechanical property test data, to avoid using recycled aluminum alloy with excessive impurities.
铝合金桥架的厚度需依据JB/T 10216-2013《电控配电用电缆桥架》 按宽度分档设计，且侧板、底板、盖板厚度需匹配受力需求：
- 宽度≤150mm：整体厚度≥1.2mm（侧板 1.2mm、底板 1.2mm、盖板 1.0mm），适用于敷设 4 根及以下小截面电缆（如≤50mm²）；
- 150mm＜宽度≤300mm：厚度≥1.5mm（侧板 1.5mm、底板 1.5mm、盖板 1.2mm），适配 6-8 根中截面电缆（如 50-120mm²）；
- 300mm＜宽度≤500mm：厚度≥2.0mm（侧板 2.0mm、底板 2.0mm、盖板 1.5mm），可承载 10-15 根大截面电缆（如 120-240mm²）；
- 宽度＞500mm：厚度≥2.2mm（侧板 2.2mm、底板 2.2mm、盖板 1.8mm），且需在底板加设横档（间距≤400mm），增强抗弯曲能力。
梯式铝合金桥架的横档厚度需与侧板一致（如侧板 1.5mm，横档≥1.5mm），避免横档因承重不足弯曲。
The thickness of aluminum alloy cable trays must be designed in grades by width in accordance with JB/T 10216-2013 "Cable Trays for Electrical Control and Distribution", and the thickness of side plates, bottom plates, and cover plates must match the force requirements:
- Width ≤150mm: Overall thickness ≥1.2mm (side plate 1.2mm, bottom plate 1.2mm, cover plate 1.0mm), suitable for laying 4 or fewer small-section cables (e.g., ≤50mm²);
- 150mm ＜ width ≤300mm: Thickness ≥1.5mm (side plate 1.5mm, bottom plate 1.5mm, cover plate 1.2mm), suitable for 6-8 medium-section cables (e.g., 50-120mm²);
- 300mm ＜ width ≤500mm: Thickness ≥2.0mm (side plate 2.0mm, bottom plate 2.0mm, cover plate 1.5mm), capable of carrying 10-15 large-section cables (e.g., 120-240mm²);
- Width ＞500mm: Thickness ≥2.2mm (side plate 2.2mm, bottom plate 2.2mm, cover plate 1.8mm), and transverse bars must be added to the bottom plate (spacing ≤400mm) to enhance bending resistance.
The thickness of the transverse bars of ladder-type aluminum alloy cable trays must be consistent with the side plates (e.g., side plate 1.5mm, transverse bar ≥1.5mm) to prevent the transverse bars from bending due to insufficient load-bearing capacity.
铝合金桥架的结构尺寸偏差需严格控制，确保安装适配性：
- 长度偏差：单段长度≤2m 时，允许偏差 ±2mm；长度＞2m 时，偏差 ±4mm，避免因长度误差导致多段拼接时出现缝隙；
- 宽度偏差：宽度≤400mm 时，偏差 ±3mm；宽度＞400mm 时，偏差 ±4mm，保证电缆敷设空间充足；
- 高度偏差（侧板高度）：高度≤100mm 时，偏差 ±2mm；高度＞100mm 时，偏差 ±3mm，防止盖板无法紧密覆盖。
装配方面，桥架连接板厚度需≥侧板厚度（如侧板 1.5mm，连接板≥1.5mm），配套螺栓采用 A2-70 级不锈钢（防电化学腐蚀），螺栓孔径≤1.2 倍螺栓直径，避免螺栓松动。槽式桥架的盖板与槽体配合间隙≤2mm，防止灰尘、水汽进入；托盘式桥架的孔眼面积占底板面积的 30%~50%，既保证散热又不影响承载。
The structural dimensional deviation of aluminum alloy cable trays must be strictly controlled to ensure installation adaptability:
- Length deviation: When the length of a single section is ≤2m, the allowable deviation is ±2mm; when the length is ＞2m, the deviation is ±4mm, to avoid gaps during multi-section splicing due to length errors;
- Width deviation: When the width is ≤400mm, the deviation is ±3mm; when the width is ＞400mm, the deviation is ±4mm, to ensure sufficient space for cable laying;
- Height deviation (side plate height): When the height is ≤100mm, the deviation is ±2mm; when the height is ＞100mm, the deviation is ±3mm, to prevent the cover plate from failing to cover tightly.
In terms of assembly, the thickness of the tray connecting plate must be ≥ the thickness of the side plate (e.g., side plate 1.5mm, connecting plate ≥1.5mm), and the supporting bolts should be A2-70 grade stainless steel (to prevent electrochemical corrosion). The bolt hole diameter is ≤1.2 times the bolt diameter to avoid bolt loosening. The fitting gap between the cover plate and the trough body of the trough-type tray is ≤2mm to prevent dust and moisture from entering; the hole area of the tray-type tray accounts for 30%~50% of the bottom plate area, ensuring heat dissipation without affecting load-bearing.
铝合金桥架的防腐依赖阳极氧化处理，需符合GB/T 5237.2-2017《铝合金建筑型材 第 2 部分：阳极氧化型材》 ：
- 阳极氧化膜厚度：平均膜厚≥15μm，局部最小膜厚≥12μm，膜层需均匀覆盖桥架表面（包括焊缝、边角），无漏镀区域；
- 耐腐蚀测试：经中性盐雾测试（GB/T 10125-2021）≥1000 小时后，膜层无明显腐蚀（如点蚀、起皮、脱落），基材无裸露；
- 表面质量：表面应光滑平整，无划痕（深度≤0.2mm）、气泡、杂质，颜色均匀（同批次色差 ΔE≤2.0），避免因表面缺陷降低防腐能力。
对于海边、潮湿等中度腐蚀环境，可额外喷涂聚氟乙烯（PVDF）涂层，涂层厚度≥40μm，盐雾测试寿命可延长至 2000 小时以上。
The anti-corrosion of aluminum alloy cable trays relies on anodic oxidation treatment, which must comply with GB/T 5237.2-2017 "Aluminum Alloy Profiles for Building Construction - Part 2: Anodized Profiles":
- Anodic oxidation film thickness: The average film thickness is ≥15μm, and the local minimum film thickness is ≥12μm. The film layer must evenly cover the tray surface (including welds and edges) without unplated areas;
- Corrosion resistance test: After neutral salt spray test (GB/T 10125-2021) for ≥1000 hours, the film layer has no obvious corrosion (such as pitting, peeling, falling off), and the substrate is not exposed;
- Surface quality: The surface should be smooth and flat, without scratches (depth ≤0.2mm), bubbles, or impurities, and the color should be uniform (color difference ΔE ≤2.0 for the same batch), to avoid reducing anti-corrosion ability due to surface defects.
For moderately corrosive environments such as coastal areas and humid areas, an additional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating can be sprayed, with a coating thickness ≥40μm, and the salt spray test life can be extended to more than 2000 hours.
承载方面，铝合金桥架需根据跨距确定允许载荷：跨距 1.5m 时，允许静载荷≥0.3kN/m（约 30kg/m）；跨距 2m 时，≥0.2kN/m；跨距 3m 时，≥0.15kN/m，且最大挠度≤跨距的 1/200（如 2m 跨距挠度≤10mm）。重载场景（如敷设 300mm² 以上电缆）需选用加厚型桥架（如宽度 400mm 时厚度增至 2.5mm），并加密支架间距（≤1.2m）。
防火型铝合金桥架需满足GB 8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》 ，氧指数≥32，耐火时间≥30 分钟（对应 C 级防火）；若用于消防回路，需达到 B 级防火（耐火时间≥60 分钟），此时需在桥架内壁复合防火板（厚度≥5mm），或喷涂防火涂料（干膜厚度≥1.5mm），确保高温下不释放有毒气体。
In terms of load-bearing, the allowable load of aluminum alloy cable trays must be determined according to the span: when the span is 1.5m, the allowable static load is ≥0.3kN/m (about 30kg/m); when the span is 2m, ≥0.2kN/m; when the span is 3m, ≥0.15kN/m, and the maximum deflection is ≤1/200 of the span (e.g., deflection ≤10mm for 2m span). For heavy-load scenarios (such as laying cables above 300mm²), thickened trays should be used (e.g., thickness increased to 2.5mm for 400mm width), and the bracket spacing should be densified (≤1.2m).
Fire-resistant aluminum alloy cable trays must comply with GB 8624-2012 "Classification of Burning Behavior of Building Materials and Products", with an oxygen index ≥32 and fire resistance time ≥30 minutes (corresponding to Class C fire resistance); if used in fire-fighting circuits, they must meet Class B fire resistance (fire resistance time ≥60 minutes). In this case, a fire-resistant board (thickness ≥5mm) must be compounded on the inner wall of the tray, or a fire-resistant coating (dry film thickness ≥1.5mm) must be sprayed to ensure no toxic gases are released at high temperatures.
